Heraldry is the study or classification of armorial bearings and coats of arms.

In England the recognition and granting of coats of arms is overseen by the College of Arms in London. This official body originated in early mediaeval times when knights bore arms on their shield and helmet for identification during tournaments. Royal heralds, who ran these tournaments, soon became experts on these hereditary arms and consequently the genealogy of each knight’s family.

The records these heralds collated were kept, under royal charter, in Upper Thames Street in London, and then in the current site at Queen Victoria Street.

In Scotland all heraldic matters are handled by The Court of the Lord Lyon. This official office recognizes and awards coats of arms at New Register House in Princes Street, Edinburgh. An article about The Court of the Lord Lyon appears here.